Model bylaws approved by the Minister of the Interior are not of themselves
binding but serve as a recommendation to Local Authorities. Unlike ordinary
bylaws, which require Governmental approval, these bylaws automatically go
into force. As of 1990, 40 cities and towns had adopted this model bylaw.

By the authority vested in me by section 25 A of the Local Municipalities
Ordinance and section 262 of the Town Ordinance, and in accordance with the
Local Authority Law (Sewage), 1962, this Model Bylaw is hereby published as
follows:
 

Definitions
1. In this Model Bylaw:

"Sewage" -- as defined in the Local Authority Law (Sewage), 1962
(hereinafter, the Local Authority Sewage Law);

"Permit" -- annual permit for the discharge of industrial wastes
given in writing by the head of the Local Authority for
purposes of this law;

"Discharge of Wastes" or "Discharge" -- the removal of wastes
from an industrial plant into the sewage system or by means of
the system;

"Occupier" for the purposes of an industrial plant -- whoever
in fact occupies a factory or part of one, either as an owner,
renter or in any other way;

"Sewage System" -- has the meaning of "sewage" in the Local
Authority Law, including sewage lines, collectors and pumping,
purifying and removal systems;

"Industrial Plant" or "Plant" -- any place in which commodities
or materials are produced, including any place used for
processing, storing, cleaning, testing or activities of this
nature;

"Plant requiring a permit" -- an industrial plant using more
than 5,000 cubic meters of water per year, or a plant using
less than 5,000 cubic meters of water per year that the head
of the Local Authority has determined in a written notice is a
plant requiring a permit;

"Controlled Plant" -- a plant using less than 5,000 cubic
meters of water per year that, in the opinion of the Head of
the Local Authority, involves production processes or materials
that are likely to cause discharge of industrial waste in
violation of this Bylaw;

"Inspector" -- whoever the Head of the Local Authority has
appointed in writing for the purposes of this Bylaw;

"Head of the Local Authority" --includes whoever he has
authorized in writing for purposes of this Bylaw, either in
whole or in part'

"Local Authority" -- a town, regional council, or a union of
towns;

"Industrial Waste" or "Wastes" -- waste removed from an
industrial plant by way of discharge.
 

Prohibition of
discharge of
harmful wastes
2. The owner or occupier of an industrial plant shall not
discharge industrial wastes into the sewage system and shall not allow
any other person to discharge from his plant into the sewage system

(1) In a manner, quantity, or quality that might cause
damage to the sewage system or to the flow of the sewage or to
the treatment process thereof;

(2) In a nature or manner likely to constitute a nuisance
or cause a public hazard;

(3) Without a permit or not in accordance with the terms of
the permit -- if the plant requires a permit -- or otherwise
in violation of this Bylaw.
 

Requirements
for granting a
permit
3. Without derogating the provisions of section 2, a permit for
the discharge of industrial wastes to the sewage system shall not be
granted if the conditions and demands set forth in the Annex to this
Bylaw are not fulfilled.
 

Performance of
sewage tests
and provision
of results
4. (a) An occupier of an industrial plant requiring a permit
shall provide to the Head of the Local Authority once a year for the
purpose of receiving a permit, test results of the industrial wastes
discharged from his plant;

(b) Without derogating the provisions specified in
subsection (a), the occupier of a plant requiring a permit or the
occupier of a controlled plant, shall provide to the Head of the Local
Authority test results of industrial wastes discharged from his plant
at any time he is required in writing to do so by the Head of the Local
Authority;

(c) The testing of industrial wastes and the submission of
the results shall be done in a manner in accordance with the terms
established by the Head of the Local Authority;

(d) This paragraph does not derogate the authority of the
Head of the Local Authority and the inspectors as specified in section
5.
 

Testing of
discharge by the
Local Authority
5. (a) The Head of the Local Authority may order the testing
of samples of industrial wastes as described in subsection (b) if he
deems that the circumstances so warrant, and he may, by written notice,
obligate the plant occupier to pay the expenses of performing such
tests;

(b) A controlled plant whose occupier received notice as
stated in subsection (a) will be subject to the provisions applicable
to a plant requiring a permit.
 

Conversion of a
controlled plant
to a plant
requiring a
permit
6. (a) The Head of the Local Authority may determine on the
basis of test results of the wastes that were provided to him or that
were performed on his behalf, that a controlled plant will be a plant
requiring a permit; having determined this, he shall so inform the
plant occupier in writing;

(b) A controlled plant whose occupier received notice as
stated in subsection (a) will be subject to the provisions applicable
to a plant requiring a permit.
 

Fee for
discharge of
industrial
wastes
7. (a) An occupier of a plant requiring a permit shall pay the
Head of the Local Authority a fee for the discharge of industrial
wastes (hereinafter, "fee");

(b) The rate of the fee and manner of payment will be
determined by the Local Authority.
 

Prohibition
against
interference
with the
Authority
8. No person shall interfere with the Head of the Local Authority
or with the inspector and prevent them from using their authorities
according to this Bylaw.
 

Notice
regarding
changes
9. An occupier of an industrial plant shall immediately inform the
Head of the Local Authority of any change in the quantity, nature or
quality of the industrial wastes discharged from his plant, or the
manner of their discharge, if the change is likely to cause discharge
of wastes in violation of this Bylaw.
 

Authority to
change permit
or notice
10. The Head of the Local Authority, having given a permit or a
notice in writing by the authority vested in him by this Law, may
revoke, modify or stipulate conditions to the permit or notice.
 

Delivery of
notice
11. Notice required by this Bylaw shall be deemed to have been
delivered lawfully if they are given into the hand of their intended
receiver, or delivered to his place of residence or his place of
occupation or place known to be so, according to an adult member of
his family or to an adult employee, or if sent by registered mail to
the same person according to his place of residence, or normal place of
employment recently known to be so; if it is impossible to make the
delivery as stated, the notice will be delivered lawfully if the notice
is posted in a conspicuous place in one of the above stated locations.
 

Penalty
12. Violators of any provision of this Bylaw shall be fined (1,000
shekels* ) and if the violation continues shall be fined (40 shekels)
for every day that the violation continues after a written notice from
the Head of the Local Authority is delivered to him or after he has
been convicted in an authorized court.
 
 
 

Annex

Obligatory Terms Concerning Industrial Wastes Discharged to a Sewage System

Industrial waste will not include:

1. Gasoline; benzene (C6H6); oil; solvents such as carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform, methyl chloride, tri-chloro-ethylene, halogenic ethanes
and their kind; and combustible oils or any liquid, solid or gas that
may cause flamable conditions or explode in the sewage system;

2. Liquid wastes containing pH less than 6.0 or greater than 9.0;

3. Solids or viscous matter in size and quantities likely not to flow
smoothly and in so doing cause problems in the purification process,
such as: residuals of filter cakes, asphalt, animal carcasses,
rubbish, ashes, sand, mud, straw, remnants of industrial chiseling,
tree trunk residue, metal parts, glass, rags, feathers, plastic, wood,
blood, animal intestines, bones, hair and leather residues, entrails,
paper and plastic plates, plastic bags and other disposable paper or
plastic goods, either complete or after scraping or cutting;

4. Rain water, runoff water, ground water and drainage, garden runoff,
pool or courtyard runoff; unless by special permission;

5. Water added for dilution of liquid wastes unless by special permission;

6. Cooking oils with a concentration of greater than 100 milligrams per
liter (hexane extraction), fats and greasy material such as animal
oils, milk, vegetable oils, any kind of mineral oil, and wastes with a
concentration below 100 milligrams per liter likely to cause damage to
the sewage system;

7. Mineral oil or oils with a mineral base for cutting machines known as
"soluble oil" creating stable suspension in water, or any other kind of
oil that is not biodegradable, or any other distillates constituting
oil products over 20 milligrams per liter;

8. Cyanides such as CN and other compounds likely to produce hydrogen
cyanide in acidic solutions in a concentration greater than 2.0
milligrams per liter;

9. Total inorganic and mineral solids dissolved or not dissolved with
concentrations greater than 3,500 milligrams per liter and wastes in
concentration less than 3,500 milligrams per liter likely to cause
damage to the sewage system;

10. Total suspended solids in concentrations greater than 1,000 milligrams
per liter;

11. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) greater than 2,000 milligrams per liter;

12. Substances likely to create strong odors;

13. Dissolved sulfides in a concentration or greater than 0.1 milligrams
per liter;

14. Liquid wastes whose temperature at entry into the sewage system is
greater than 45c Celsius;

15. Wastes likely to settle and coalesce into solids or viscous substances
in temperatures between 20c and 40c Celsius;

16. Chlorohydrocarbon compounds or organophosphorus compounds in
concentrations greater than 0.02 milligrams per liter;

17. Chlorine or other active halogen in concentrations greater than 3.0
milligrams per liter.

18. Solids that cannot pass through an opening of 10 square millimeters;

19. Sulfates such as SO4 in concentrations greater than 200 milligrams per
liter above their concentration in the water supplied to the plant;

20. Chlorides (as Cl) in concentrations greater than 200 milligrams per
liter above their concentration in the water supplied to the plant;

21. Fluorides in concentrations greater than 1.0 milligram per liter;

22. Detergents known as "hard" detergents in concentrations greater than 1
milligram per liter, and detergents known as "soft" detergents in
concentrations greater than 3 milligrams per liter;

23. Phenols and cresols in concentrations greater than 3 milligrams per
liter;

24. Recycled cooling water or brine;

25. In addition to the above, waste will not include the following stated
substances in concentrations greater than those indicated below:
 

Substance Maximum Substance Maximum
Concentration Concentratio
(Milligrams per Liter) (Milligrams per Liter)

Zinc 5.00 Arsenic 0.25
Boron 3.00 Beryllium 0.50
Vanadium 0.50 Aluminum 25.00
Silver 0.05 Mercury 0.005
Chromium 0.25 Lithium 0.30
Molybdenum 0.05 Manganese 1.00
Copper 1.00 Nickel 1.00
Selenium 0.05 Lead 0.25
Cadmium 0.05 Cobalt 0.25