This Overall Plan for Major Projects for the Protection and Restoration of Important National Ecosystems (2021-2035) is a Plan at the national level. It serves as a guiding plan for promoting major projects of national important ecosystem protection and restoration. China's natural ecosystem is still relatively fragile as a whole, and its ecological carrying capacity and environmental capacity are insufficient. It is necessary to scientifically layout and organize the implementation of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, with the overall planning of the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses as the main line. The Overall objectives are set up in the Plan: 1. to solve the core ecological problems in a number of key areas from 2021 to 2025, focusing on the ecological protection and restoration of national key ecological functional areas, ecological protection red lines, key national nature reserves and other areas; From 2026 to 2035, all major projects will be fully implemented, laying a solid ecological foundation for building a beautiful China. The specific objectives of the Plan include: By 2035, the natural ecosystems of forests, grasslands, deserts, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans across the country will be fundamentally improved, the quality of ecosystems will be significantly improved, ecological service functions will be significantly improved, ecological stability will be significantly enhanced, and the natural ecosystems will basically achieve a virtuous cycle, the national ecological security barrier system will be basically completed, the supply capacity of high-quality ecological products will basically meet the needs of the people. The forest coverage rate will reach 26%, the forest stock reach 21 billion cubic meters, the natural forest area will remain stable at about 200 million hectares, and the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grassland reach 60%; the wetland area will not be reduced and the wetland protection rate will be increased to 60%; An additional 56.4 million hectares of water and soil loss will be comprehensively treated and controlled; The deterioration of marine ecology will be comprehensively reversed, and the natural coastline retention rate will be no less than 35%; The nature reserves dominated by national parks will account for more than 18% of the land area, and endangered wildlife and their habitats will be fully protected. In order to achieve the objectives, the Plan has identified main projects. The planning of major projects for the protection and restoration of important national ecosystems will be arranged in key areas such as the ecological barrier area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the key ecological areas of the Yellow River (including the ecological barrier of the Loess Plateau), the key ecological areas of the Yangtze River (including the ecological barrier of Sichuan and Yunnan), the forest belt in the northeast of China, the northern sand prevention belt, the southern hilly and mountainous areas, and the coastal zones. According to the Plan, the implementation of major engineering construction projects has huge ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. Taking the major projects in the ecological barrier area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example, through measures such as strengthening the protection of natural grasslands and scientifically implementing the subsidy and reward policies for grassland ecological protection, it is estimated that the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands can be increased by an average of 5% to 10%, which will significantly increase the yield of pasture and the capacity of grassland to carry livestock, improve the local water and soil resources, and effectively promote the sustainable development of traditional industries such as animal husbandry and featured agriculture. Funding is the most critical issue in advancing the implementation of these major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems. The Plan proposes to formulate policies and measures to encourage social capital to invest in ecological protection and restoration, ensure that all types of social entities enjoy equal rights to preferential policies such as finance and land.
الصين · 2020-06-03