This Model Law establishes the legal framework for the organization and functioning of a state civil protection system, aimed at safeguarding the population, environment, and material and cultural assets from natural and man-made emergencies, including those arising during military conflicts. The Law defines key concepts such as emergencies, civil protection, rescue operations, and the state civil protection system, and sets out its foundational principles, including legality, preparedness, risk minimization, and prioritization of human life and health. The Law outlines the structure and functioning of the civil protection system, which operates at national, territorial, local, and facility levels, with coordinated bodies, management authorities, response forces, and resource reserves at each level. It identifies core tasks such as risk prevention, emergency response, public training, evacuation, resource management, and international cooperation. Different operational regimes are established (normal, heightened readiness, and emergency), depending on the severity of threats. The roles and responsibilities of key actors—including the President, Government, authorized bodies, local authorities, organizations, and citizens—are clearly defined, covering policymaking, coordination, resource allocation, implementation of measures, and compliance obligations. Finally, the Law regulates the operational aspects of civil protection, including leadership structures, emergency services, and specialized formations responsible for rescue and response activities. It provides for systems of monitoring and laboratory control, public information dissemination, scientific research, and training. It also addresses funding and logistical support mechanisms, as well as the rights and duties of citizens, including access to information, protection, and compensation for damages. The concluding provisions establish liability for violations, emphasizing accountability and the importance of compliance with civil protection legislation.
2019-04-19