Labour Code is the fundamental legislative act governing employment relations. It establishes the legal framework for labour relations between employees and employers, aiming to ensure fair working conditions, protect workers’ rights, and promote productivity and social welfare. The Code guarantees the right to work, including access to employment with wages not below the statutory minimum, freedom to choose a profession, and protection against discrimination, while also emphasizing safe and healthy working conditions and the role of the state in supporting employment and training. The Code regulates the formation and execution of employment relationships primarily through labour contracts. It defines key aspects such as types of contracts (including indefinite and fixed-term), hiring procedures, probation periods, and the rights and obligations of both parties. It also prohibits requiring work not stipulated in the contract and provides guarantees against unjustified changes to employment conditions. Collective agreements are recognized as an important mechanism for regulating labour relations at enterprise level, covering working conditions, remuneration, and social benefits, and applying to all employees within the relevant organization. The specifics of the work of members of cooperatives and their associations, collective agricultural enterprises, farms, and employees of enterprises with foreign investment are determined by legislation and their charters. In addition, the Code establishes standards for working time, rest, remuneration, and labour protection. It limits the normal working week, regulates overtime, and guarantees paid annual leave and other forms of rest. It also includes provisions on wages, occupational safety, social security, and special protections for certain categories of workers, such as women, minors, and persons with disabilities. Mechanisms for resolving labour disputes through commissions or courts are envisaged, ensuring enforcement of employees’ rights and employer obligations within the legal system.
أوكرانيا · 1971-12-10