This Technological Regulation establishes rules and procedure for protecting maize crops from pests, diseases, and weeds during cultivation for grain, seeds, and green mass. It is based on phytosanitary monitoring carried out in 2016–2018 and identifies the main harmful organisms affecting maize, including wireworms, corn borers, aphids, fungal diseases (such as smut and fusarium), and dominant weed species. The Regulation emphasizes the importance of integrated crop management, combining agronomic practices and chemical protection. It provides detailed data on pest distribution, infestation levels, and regional variations, demonstrating that pest pressure, disease spread, and weed infestation significantly affect yield and require targeted protection measures. The core of the Regulation outlines a comprehensive system of protective measures. It prioritizes agrotechnical practices such as crop rotation, optimal sowing timing, use of resistant hybrids, fertilization, and soil management to increase plant resilience. Chemical protection is presented as the key component, involving precise application of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides based on economic thresholds and crop growth stages. The document provides extensive treatment schedules specifying substances, dosages, and timing for controlling weeds, diseases, and pests. It also highlights seed treatment as a crucial first step to prevent early infections and insect damage, followed by targeted spraying during vegetation depending on observed infestation levels. The implementation of the proposed protection system demonstrates high biological and economic effectiveness. The measures significantly reduce pest populations (by over 80%), disease development (up to around 87%), and weed infestation (up to 99%), resulting in measurable yield preservation and financial gains. Field tests indicate increased yields of both green mass and grain, along with substantial net income per hectare and high profitability. The document concludes that the improved technology is competitive with international practices due to its scientific basis, expanded pesticide options, and strong economic returns, making it suitable for wide adoption in agricultural enterprises.
بيلاروس · 2018-01-01