This Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution reflects Indonesia’s commitment to align with the Paris Agreement temperature goal by the end of 2022, aiming at increasing emission reduction target compared to the previous versions of the Nationally Determined Contribution and achieving the long-term target of net-zero emission by 2060 or sooner. This Contribution is structured as follows: 1) National Context; 2) Mitigation measures; 3) Adaptation measures; 4) Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding, including: quantifiable information on the reference point and periods for implementation, scope and coverage, planning processes, assumptions and methodological approaches; 5) National registry system as the backbone of transparency framework; 6) Means of implementation, including: finance, technology development and transfers, capacity building; 7) Review and adjustment. Annexes. The strategic approach of Indonesia Nationally Determined Contribution is based on the following principles: 1) integrated landscape-scale approach covering terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems; 2) highlighting existing best practices, from traditional wisdom to innovative climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts; 3) integrating climate change into development, spatial planning and budgeting process; 4) promoting climate resilience in food, water and energy. The preparation of this Contribution has taken into account the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular focus on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts; promoting food security and sustainable agriculture; achieving gender equality, ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water; access to affordable and renewable energy for all; promotion of sustainable economic growth; conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resources; protecting, restoring and promoting sustainable forest management and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems; promoting land degradation neutrality, as well as conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The strategy for the implementation of this Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution consists of the following programs: 1) strengthening commitment among governmental institutions, local governments, private sectors, civil societies, and financial institutions; 2) capacity building; 3) creating enabling environment to engage wider stakeholders in mitigation and adaptation measures; 4) developing greenhouse gas emission data policy; 5) developing policies, planning and intervention program in core sectors; 6) monitoring and review of the Contribution. Concerning mitigation and adaptation measures, the Contribution defines strategies and actions to achieve climate resilience targets for each core sector (energy, agriculture, forestry and land use, waste): renewable energy source utilisation; energy efficiency measures; low carbon emissions; clean coal technology; implementation of biofuel in public transport; use of low emissions crops; implementation of water-efficient concept in water management; use of organic fertilisers; manure management for biogas production; feed supplement for cattle; avoiding degradation of natural forest through controlling the illegal logging and increasing the production of timber plantation; land rehabilitation measures through afforestation and reforestation; domestic solid and liquid waste management; management of industrial waste; integrated watershed management; utilisation of degraded land for renewable energy.
Indonesia · 2022-09-23