These Updated Nationally Determined Contributions are a nationwide multisectoral document aiming at continuing the measures undertaken by Egypt with its first document NDC to ensure a climate change action up to 2030 that guarantees just transition and appropriateness to national capabilities. Furthermore, climate change efforts fall within Egypt’s path toward sustainable and inclusive development that eradicates poverty and strives for prosperity for future generations. The document contains both mitigation and adaptation measures to combat the negative impacts of climate change and contribute to global efforts despite - it is highlighted - the country’s negligible responsibility for the world’s historical GHG emissions. The sectors for which mitigation measures are envisaged are (1) Electricity Generation, Transmission, and Distribution foreseeing a GHG reduction of 33% through (i) installation of additional renewable energy (RE) capacities; (ii) maintenance, upgrade, and replacement programs for obsolete power plants; (iii) activation of the role of electricity distribution companies in achieving energy efficiency improvements and promotion of large scale and smalls scale decentralized renewable energy systems; (iv) transmission and distribution networks including Extra High voltage substations, control centers, and smart grids; (2) Oil and Gas foreseeing a GHG reduction of 65% by (i) implementing an integrated transformative program including adopting energy efficiency and low carbon technologies in the upstream and downstream activities; (ii) providing access to clean fuel in households; (iii) conducting energy efficiency audits in two refineries, one petrochemical plant, and two upstream oil and gas facilities; (iv) avoiding the accumulation of plastic waste in the marine and land environment and increasing the production of green petrochemical; (v) producing alternative green fuels, such as the extraction of algae oil for use in the production of biofuels; (3) Transport, foreseeing a GHG reduction of 7% by (i) promoting alternative means of transportation, means of transport, especially by rail; (ii) transforming public buses to operate on lower carbon intensive fuels; (iii) encouraging the use of bicycles and constructing designated lanes; (iv) developing new roads; (v) greening the civil aviation sector; (4) Industry, with the aim of decarbonizing the industrial sector by reducing the energy intensity, use of renewable and alternative fuels, and low carbon process improvements; (5) Buildings and Urban Cities, promoting sustainability in existing and new buildings and urban developments towards adopting low carbon standards and programs; (6) Tourism, developing a low carbon tourism and greening hotels and resorts; (7) Waste Management, aiming at achieving an integrated waste management to improve the efficiency of the system and valorize the waste through materials and energy recovery to decrease amount of waste directed to landfilling. As for the adaptation measures,the Egypt's contribution shall regard (1) Water Resources and Irrigation through (i) water conservation measures in agriculture, industry, and municipal supplies; (ii) development of non-conventional water resources to compensate for the increased demand in drinking water; (iii) expansion in the reuse of agricultural drainage and treated wastewater and the construction of treatment plants; (iv) strengthen cooperation with Nile Basin countries for an efficient and integrated use of water resources; (2) Agriculture to develop agro-economic structures efficient in land resource management through (i) the use of modern surface irrigation techniques; (ii) promotion of biodiversity (genetics, species, or ecosystems) of strategic crops and livestock varieties and introduction of new breeding programs to maximize production efficiency under the extreme climatic conditions in the most vulnerable ecosystems; (iii) protection of livestock, poultry, and fish and the development of prevention and immunization programs; (iv) review of land use policies and agricultural expansion programs; (v) building an effective institutional system for crisis and disaster management for agricultural area; (vi) support to small farmers in adapting to climate change; (3) Coastal Zones by adopting accommodation and protection approaches to the risks resulting from climate change such as sea level rise and extreme weather events; (4) Urban Development and Tourism, meeting the requirements of green architecture and construction, and climate resilience, determining and intervening in potential areas vulnerable to flooding, assessing the degree of fragility and vulnerability of touristic sites, marine and wildlife protectorates, and sites of archaeological value. Other more general measures concern (i) weather forecast and early warning systems; (ii) the efficiency of the healthcare sector in dealing with climate change; (iii) scientific research and demographic studies to identify population groups that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
Egipto · 2022-06-08