This Monitoring and Evaluation Framework establishes the framework for monitoring and evaluating Singapore’s second National Strategic Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAPv2) for the period 2025–2030. The Framework is intended to measure the effectiveness of the National Strategic Action Plan in preventing the emergence and spread of drug-resistant organisms and preserving the effectiveness of antimicrobials through a One Health approach. It provides a structure for monitoring implementation and outcomes across the human health, animal health, food production, water and environment sectors, and identifies targets, indicators, data collection arrangements and evaluation methods to be used by the responsible agencies. The Framework is organized around five core strategies: Communication and Education; Surveillance and Risk Assessment; Research and Evidence; Prevention and Control of Infection; and Optimisation and Stewardship. It establishes thirteen strategic goals and eight national targets to be achieved by 2030. These include obtaining reliable estimates of deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance, implementing antimicrobial stewardship programmes in all acute care hospitals, developing antibiotic prescribing guidelines for common primary care infections, reducing sales of fluoroquinolones to farms, establishing a regulatory framework for antimicrobial use in the animal sector, developing baseline and routine surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental sites and water bodies, and integrating surveillance data from human, animal, food and environmental sectors. The Framework identifies impact, outcome, output and process indicators for monitoring progress. Indicators cover public and agricultural worker awareness of antimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infections caused by selected resistant organisms, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, antimicrobial consumption and stewardship in the human health sector, vaccination uptake, veterinary antimicrobial sales, registration and approval of antimicrobial products for animal use, and surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in water and environmental sites. The Framework also provides technical reference sheets describing indicator definitions, methodologies, responsible agencies, reporting arrangements, baselines and international alignment. Quantitative monitoring data are to be collected and reported periodically by the AMR Coordinating Office and participating agencies. The evaluation component provides for quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative assessment of the implementation and effectiveness of the National Strategic Action Plan. Evaluation may include indicator analysis, assessment of implementation progress, stakeholder consultations, surveys, interviews and review processes. The Framework provides for periodic review of the monitoring framework and indicators, and requires reporting of monitoring and evaluation results to the One Health AMR Workgroup and the One Health Coordinating Committee. The document was developed by the One Health AMR Workgroup through internal review, commissioned evaluation, multi-sectoral consultation and review of evidence relevant to antimicrobial resistance in Singapore.
Singapur · 2025-11-12