India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for 2031–2035 sets out the country’s climate commitments while linking them closely with its broader goal of becoming a developed nation under Viksit Bharat 2047 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. India frames its approach around equity, climate justice and the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC), noting its relatively low historical and per-capita emissions. It also highlights progress under previous NDCs, including non-fossil-fuel-based installed power capacity and significantly reducing GDP emissions intensity. For 2035, India commits to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 47% from 2005 levels, achieving around 60% of cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil-fuel energy sources, and creating an additional carbon sink of 3.5-4.0 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent through forest and tree cover, compared with the 2005 baseline. The NDC also prioritises increased investment in climate adaptation, particularly in agriculture, water resources, the Himalayan and coastal regions, health and disaster management. India proposes a multi-pronged strategy combining mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development, anchored in the National Action Plan on Climate Change and corresponding State Action Plans. The NDC also promotes sustainable lifestyles through Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), expansion of forests and carbon sinks, innovation in renewable energy storage and carbon capture, and greater domestic and international collaboration on climate technologies. India will further build institutional and technical capacity, promote joint R&D and facilitate the rapid diffusion of emerging low-carbon technologies. Implementation of the NDC is strongly linked to the availability of climate finance, technology transfer and capacity-building support. India highlights that developed countries have obligations under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to provide adequate, predictable and accessible support to developing countries, and states that the scale of its climate action may depend on the level of international assistance available. At the same time, India intends to mobilise domestic resources, strengthen R&D and institutional capacity, and continue to participate in initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance and Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure. Overall, the NDC presents India’s climate pathway as one that seeks to decouple economic growth from emissions while preserving development needs and strengthening climate resilience.
Индия · 2026-04-01