This National Adaptation Plan (NAP) is a 10-year comprehensive framework aiming to set out the strategic approach to managing climate risks and building long-term resilience in Tanzania. While the NDC outlines the national adaptation and mitigation goals at the international level, the NAP serves as a guide to integrate adaptation measures into planning, budgeting, and investments across all sectors and levels of government. The NAP envisions building a climate-resilient Tanzania by 2035, where communities, ecosystems, and the economy can withstand, adapt to, and thrive against climate change impacts. The main objective of the NAP is to reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change by building adaptive capacity and resilience and facilitating the integration of climate change adaptation into strategic social and economic development policies, strategies, plans, programmes, and budgets. The NAP specific objectives are to (i) enhance adaptive capacity of communities, ecosystems, and economic sectorsto climate change impacts through targeted, inclusive, and locally led adaptation actions; (ii) integrate climate change adaptation into national, sectoral, and local development planning, policies, and budgeting processes; (iii) strengthen institutional and coordination mechanisms for climate adaptation; (iv) mobilize and allocate financial, technological, and capacity-building resources for the implementation of prioritized adaptation actions; (v) reduce the adaptation deficit among vulnerable groups by systematically mainstreaming gender, disability, age, and social inclusion into all adaptation actions. The NAP strengthens Tanzania’s climate resilience and adaptive capacity by providing a clear and actionable assessment of climate risks and vulnerabilities across 9 priority sectors that are critical to the country’s economy and food security. By combining risk reduction with ecosystem conservation, resilient infrastructure and improved institutional coordination, the NAP provides a framework for addressing climate vulnerabilities and enhancing the country’s long-term resilience to climate change. These sectors and their associated risks and adaptation measures are as follows: (i) Agriculture, which is threatened by declining rainfall and prolonged dry spells in southern Tanzania, as well as increased rainfall and flooding in the north. To address these risks, the NAP prioritizes climate-smart agriculture, small-scale irrigation, drought-resistant and drought-tolerant crops, and the development of irrigation systems and protective embankments or seawalls for coastal croplands; (ii) Livestock, which is vulnerable to frequent flooding, prolonged droughts, rising temperatures that intensify water and heat stress, and expanding coastal saltwater intrusion. Adaptation measures include improved water resource and rangeland management, strengthened veterinary services, enhanced disease surveillance and vaccination programmes, rainwater harvesting, solar-powered boreholes in drought-prone areas, and the promotion of drought-tolerant fodder and silage; (iii) Fisheries, which faces risks from ocean warming, acidification and increasingly frequent storms that disrupt fish distribution, damage coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds, and endanger fishing operations. The NAP promotes climate-smart fishing practices, strengthens the institutional capacity of Beach Management Units, supports the sustainable management of marine protected areas and community-managed marine areas, and prioritizes integrated early warning systems and the restoration of fish habitats and commercially important species; (iv) Water, which is increasingly vulnerable to disruptions across the water–energy–food nexus due to more frequent and intense droughts. Key adaptation measures include restoring and conserving water sources, promoting water harvesting, developing climate-resilient domestic water systems, establishing climate adaptation funds and blended financing mechanisms for water infrastructure, and improving access to disability-friendly water facilities; (v) Health, which faces increasing incidences of climate-sensitive diseases, malnutrition, food insecurity and waterborne illnesses, alongside a growing disease burden and mounting pressure on healthcare services due to droughts, heatwaves and floods. The NAP therefore prioritizes climate-resilient health infrastructure, stronger disaster preparedness and response, improved health surveillance and early warning systems, and the development of reliable water, sanitation and hygiene systems; (vi) Tourism, which is threatened by ecosystem degradation, marine habitat loss, beach erosion and coral bleaching associated with rising temperatures and increased flooding. To strengthen the sector’s resilience, the NAP promotes community-led tourism, diversification of tourism products, improvements to tourism infrastructure, the development of coastal and cultural town infrastructure, and coral reef restoration; (vii) Wildlife, which faces biodiversity loss, species extinction, declining ecotourism revenues, weakened ecosystem services and escalating human–wildlife conflicts. Adaptation measures include protecting wildlife corridors, restoring and conserving forests and habitats, safeguarding biodiversity and sustainable water sources, restoring degraded habitats, implementing species-specific conservation measures, and reducing human–wildlife conflicts; (viii) Infrastructure and Human Settlements, which are exposed to sea-level rise, flooding, coastal erosion and increasingly frequent heavy rainfall. These hazards threaten critical infrastructure, including Malindi Port in Zanzibar, and may disrupt tourism, damage cultural heritage sites, undermine coastal livelihoods and trigger wider systemic impacts. The NAP addresses these risks through the development and enforcement of building codes and standards, climate-proofing infrastructure, integrated land-use planning, climate-resilient drainage systems, improved waste management and household rainwater harvesting; and (ix) Coastal and Marine Resources, which are increasingly vulnerable to rising temperatures, sea-level rise, shoreline erosion and saltwater intrusion. The NAP prioritizes integrated coastal management planning, marine spatial planning, ecosystem restoration and conservation, and stronger institutional coordination to protect coastal and marine ecosystems and enhance the resilience of coastal communities.
Объединенная Республика Танзания · 2025-11-01