In accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20, the Arab Republic of Egypt hereby submitted its report on the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) towards achieving the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) set forth in Article 2 thereof. The document identifies the following as the most affected sectors by negative impacts of climate change (i) agricultural; (ii) coastal zones; (iii) tourism; (iv) health; and (v) energy. Consequently the national policies and measures will be focused on (i) building institutional capacities of comprehensive collection and analysis of monitoring and observations and geographic data; (ii) identifying indicators and conducting full assessment of vulnerable sectors and stakeholders; (iii) enforcing environmental regulations; (iv) identifying and applying protection measures of vulnerable sites and roads against extreme natural phenomena such as floods, dust storms and extreme weather conditions; (v) building capacities for using regional water circulation models; (vi) proactive planning and integrated coastal zone management; (vii) risk reduction; and (viii) increasing awareness of stakeholders for energy and water utilization. Mitigation policies and measures to reduce GHGs emissions will aim to provide appropriate foundations for the development of low carbon energy systems, including (i) diffusion of locally-appropriate low-carbon energy production technologies; (ii) mitigation efforts covering all major sources of emissions; (iii) technology transfer and financial flows from industrialized countries to support carbon emission abatement according to the UNFCCC principles; (iv) increased use of renewable energy; and (v) increased energy efficiency to decouple demand on energy. Achieving biological diversity of all livestock, fishery, and poultry elements will protect them and help to eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. To make agriculture more productive and sustainable, the proposals of the document are (i) increase the efficiency of irrigation water use, while maintaining crop productivity and protecting land from degradation; (ii) increase investments in modern irrigation systems; (iii) activate genetic diversity of plant species with maximum productivity; and (iv) develop agro-economic systems and new structures to manage crops, fisheries and animal production, which are resilient to climate changes. Rural poverty reduction can be tackled through the development of systems, programs and policies to protect rural community and support its adaptive capacity to the expected trend in land use change, plant and animal production, and internal migration due to climate change. In order to increase the resilience of livelihoods to disasters, the Government shall reduce climate change associated risks and disasters by (i) building an effective institutional system to manage climate change associated crises and disasters at the national level; (ii) identifying potential health risks as a result of climate change; (iii) raising community awareness about climate change risks and means of adaptation; (iv) incorporating disaster risks within the plans to promote sustainable tourism in Egypt; (v) conducting comprehensive studies to assess the impact of climate change on the energy sector, together with proposal of appropriate adaptation measures and economic cost estimation; and (vi) supporting research and technological development to enable the electricity sector to deal properly with climate change.
埃及 · 2015-01-01