The present document contains the National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change for the period 2007-2011. The Republic of Rwanda has finished its report on National Adaptation Programmes of Action to climate change "NAPA" in conformity with the guidelines prepared by the Least Developed Countries Groups of Experts (LEG) and adopted by the November 2001 Assembly of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Decision 28/CP7). The NAPA Rwanda team carried out a concertation and consultation study, in the framework of the following objectives: to evaluate the present vulnerabilities to climate change according to eight guiding steps of NAPA considering the socio-economic aspects and land use that exacerbate these vulnerabilities; to identify the most vulnerable groups of population, regions and sectors; to determine priority adaptation options; to select urgent and immediate activities and projects to be implemented; and to define their profiles. The strategy for adequate response to this situation reached by NAPA Rwanda is articulated on six (6)-priority adaptation options to climate change which include: an Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM); Setting up an information systems to early warning of hydro-agro meteorological system and rapid intervention mechanisms; promotion of non agricultural income generating activities; promotion of intensive agro-pastoral activities; Introduction of species resisting to environmental conditions; and development of firewood alternative sources of energy. From these priority options, 7 high priority projects, hence urgent and immediate, have been selected and their profiles developed.These projects are prepared and identified by direct responses and cross-cutting positive impacts they target once implemented to improve the adaptation capacity of the populations and vulnerable sectors due to climate change and contribute to reinforce the resilience of highly fragilised ecosystems. Specifically, project nº6 aims to increase modes of food distribution and health support to face extreme climate phenomena. the specific objectives of the project are to: increase national, provincial and district organizational capacity to manage food and medical stocks and manage crisis due to famine for health support; and increase national, provincial and district capacity to define and implement best means and modes of food products and medicine distribution in the regions affected by climate catastrophes. Moreover, agriculture plays an important role in the mentioned projects. The document remarks in that sense the influence of climate hazards on agricultural production. In consequence, NAPA team formulated key adaptation options which adequately respond to most immediate and urgent needs of most poor local communities and hence, most vulnerable in socio-economic and climatic point of view, among others: promotion of non rain-fed agriculture; increase agricultural techniques; developing irrigated areas by gravity water systems from perennial streams and rivers in often vulnerable zones to prolonged droughts; introduction of species resistant to drought in arid and semi arid zones; protection of basin sides in mountainous zones; rational utilisation of wood energy.The projects are centered as well on supporting districts of vulnerable regions to climate change in planning and implementing measures and techniques related to conservation and water harvesting and intensive agriculture, and promoting existing and new resistant varieties of crops adapted to different bioclimatic soil. The proposed actions are also connected with the aim to reduce poverty in rural areas, identified as one of the most vulnerable to climate change. The present strong dependency on natural resources in Rwanda makes economic activities directly dependent on climate conditions. In that sense, the aim of the priority 3 (Promotion of income generating activities) is to improve the adaptation capacity of rural population vulnerable to climate change through the promotion of income generating non-agricultural activities. Other adaptation options formulated by the NAPA team in connection with social protection are: to increase the rate access of drinking water; and to favour access of the public to medical insurance services. The work process not only involved sectors represented in this team and national experts, but also a considerable number of actors, regional and local partners namely local communities as well as women and youth associations. In that sense, the document highlights that the success in the implementation of these projects and the achievement of assigned objectives is not possible unless relevant measures are taken to reinforce of organizational capacities and human resources at national, Provincial and District levels. In a nutshell, the activities and projects proposed are focused to combat and prevent deforestation, erosion and floods by promoting land conservation and protection against erosion and floods at the level of Districts of vulnerable regions to climate change considering the effects of climate related hazards in the population; and to reinforce early warning and rapid intervention systems with a multi-hazard focus and addressing the socio-economical effects of climate change in Rwanda territory.
卢旺达 · 2006-12-01