The document primarily addresses the national climate policy framework, emphasizing its objectives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. It underscores the country's commitment to international climate obligations and highlights the importance of sustainable socio-economic development. The policy operates within a broader legal and policy environment that recognizes the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and the need for international cooperation, especially considering Russia's unique natural conditions and economic dependencies. Key measures outlined include the development of long-term strategic documents such as the Strategy for low greenhouse gas emissions socio-economic development by 2050, and the adoption of a second nationally determined contribution (NDC) aiming to reduce emissions by 65-67% relative to 1990 levels by 2035. The document details specific policies and actions, such as the promotion of renewable energy sources, low-carbon nuclear power, energy efficiency improvements, and the development of low-carbon technologies like hydrogen energy and carbon capture. It also emphasizes the importance of scientific monitoring, modeling, and the implementation of climate projects, including the registration of climate initiatives and the use of carbon units, with clear timelines and institutional responsibilities. Implementation mechanisms include the use of scientific data, regulatory standards, and institutional frameworks such as the Expert Council on Sustainable Development. The document specifies procedures for reporting, methodological approaches aligned with IPCC guidelines, and the integration of international cooperation efforts, including bilateral agreements and participation in global climate initiatives. It also highlights stakeholder involvement, including government agencies, scientific institutions, and private sector actors, with a focus on transparency, procedural compliance, and the operationalization of climate policies through strategic planning, monitoring, and reporting systems. The national climate policy is also aimed at developing an effective system of adaptation to climate change, based on a comprehensive consideration of climate risks, the exposure and vulnerability of the country's territory, economic sectors, and economic entities. In the Russian Federation, regional and 10 sectoral adaptation plans have been approved. Sectoral plans have been approved for the most climate-dependent sectors of the economy: transport, fuel and energy complex, construction and housing and utilities, agro-industrial complex and fisheries, nature management, healthcare, ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, economic activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, civil defense, protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, industrial complex, technical regulation, foreign and domestic trade. These plans take into account the objectives of: (a) ensuring access to water resources and drinking water; (b) production of food and agricultural commodities; (c) reducing morbidity and mortality due to climatic factors; (d) maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity, including the conservation and reproduction of forests; (e) increasing the sustainability of industrial and transport infrastructure, as well as populated areas; and (f) reducing risks to the traditional economic way of life of the indigenous peoples of the North.
俄罗斯联邦 · 2025-01-01